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January 23, 2020
Homes with higher energy ratings sell for more. Here's how Australian owners could cash in
It's not just location and size that homebuyers are looking for.
Everybody wants an energy-efficient home. After all, an energy-efficient home is comfortable to live in, without large energy bills. These can be important factors for prospective home owners or renters. of international research found energy-efficient homes typically fetch a higher price.
An energy performance rating is one way to show how 鈥渆nergy hungry鈥� a home could be. In many countries, it is mandatory for the seller to obtain and disclose a home鈥檚 rating. .
But that鈥檚 not the case in most of Australia. Only one of the states and territories 鈥� 鈥� has a regulated scheme to disclose the energy-efficiency rating of housing to prospective buyers.
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Disclosing energy ratings is in Australia. showed this increases the value of buildings with higher energy ratings (a price premium). Our of international research looked to see if a similar effect exists in the residential sector.
What does the research show?
The majority (23) of the 27 relevant studies we reviewed found more energy-efficient homes fetch higher prices than less energy-efficient, but otherwise comparable, homes. So what sort of price premium do houses with a higher energy rating attract? It鈥檚 typically around 5% to 10%.
Price effects were considered in two ways. The first involved comparing rated versus unrated residences. The second compared higher-rated residences with lower-rated ones. In both cases, a price premium was found to exist.
The reported price premium varied substantially by study, country and real estate market. , in Belfast, found a 27% price premium for higher-rated buildings. found a price premium of 2.7% for similarly higher-rated dwellings.
Only (the ACT scheme, which has operated since 2003). It found a 2.4% price premium for a six-star house and a 9.4% premium for a seven-star house compared to a 3 star home. For Australia, with a median house price of $773,635 in late 2019, the ACT results equate to potential price premiums of $18,500 and $72,721.
Obviously, it isn鈥檛 just the energy rating of a house that affects its price. Location, size, age and other relevant features of a property influence the final price. Researchers use a statistical method, called , to estimate the effects of all these factors. A home energy rating was included as one of these factors.
The studies we reviewed were published between 2011 and 2019, covering 14 countries and ten energy performance rating schemes. Most of the studies (18) considered the European Union鈥檚 Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). Although there are differences in how each EU country defines and manages these certificates, they are broadly comparable, in that they use a standard A (high) to G (low) grade.
How would this system benefit Australia?
This system would obviously be good for people trying to sell (or wanting to buy) energy-efficient homes, but it鈥檚 also good for our society. It has been estimated . If we are to meaningfully reduce carbon emissions from our cities and built environment, we need to tackle our existing building stock.
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A scheme that allows owners to capitalise on the energy efficiency of their home would change the economics of . Owners would have a clear incentive to improve energy performance without the need for large government subsidies.
Unfortunately, there is for the majority of existing Australian homes (i.e. those outside the ACT). This means there is no simple way for prospective owners or renters to make an informed decision about the likely comfort and future energy bills for a home.
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Other countries have already shown the path forward. Key steps include:
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define a nationally consistent rating tool for existing homes. The Victorian government has developed the . This voluntary tool provides owners with a star rating for the overall energy performance of their home. It also provides specific information on its performance during hot weather, as well as recommendations on how to improve that performance
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provide a framework for owners to voluntarily disclose the certified energy performance of their home at the point of sale or lease. Only owners of higher-rating homes will be likely to do this voluntarily
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legislate for mandatory disclosure of a home鈥檚 energy rating when it鈥檚 being sold or leased
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introduce minimum standards of energy performance for rental properties. Once a property鈥檚 energy performance is rated and disclosed, the government has a powerful policy lever to drive improvement of the energy efficiency of the existing building stock. For instance, , owners are obligated to improve the energy performance of any property they wish to offer for rent to at least grade E (on an A-to-G scale).
Our review of international academic literature suggests home buyers typically value a more energy-efficient home. When presented with easily accessible information in the form of an energy performance rating, they are willing to pay more.
Hence, energy rating disclosure policies can help consumers make informed decisions that will result in lower energy bills and more comfortable homes. At the same time, by allowing sellers to capitalise on energy-efficiency improvements through a certified rating, government can support reducing carbon emissions from our existing building stock.
To ensure we realise these societal and environmental benefits, all levels of government should co-ordinate to enact appropriate nationally consistent legislation.
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The author would like to acknowledge Michelle Zwagerman for her contribution to this article.
, Research Fellow at the Sustainable Buildings Research Centre,
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